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What were the arguments of Cesare Beccaria & Jeremy Bentham? How did their ideas fit into the social context of their time (the 18th century)?

How does classical criminology relate to deterrence theory? How did Beccaria and  

Bentham describe deterrence – and what worked/what would deterrence theory predict concerning crime? [Know: certainty, celerity (swiftness), severity]

How do we utilize deterrence theory in contemporary society? How can we measure deterrent effects?